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John William Money (8 July 1921 – 7 July 2006) was a psychologist, sexologist and author, specializing in research into sexual identity and biology of gender. Money was one of the first scientists to study the psychology of sexual confusion and how the societal constructs of “gender” affect an individual. His work has been both celebrated for its innovation and criticized, particularly in regard to his involvement with the sex-reassignment of David Reimer〔Diamond M, Sigmundson HK (1997). Sex reassignment at birth. Long-term review and clinical implications. ''Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine''. 1997 Mar; 151(3):298–304. PMID 9080940. (Full text )〕 and his eventual suicide, caused by Money's experiments. Money published around 2,000 articles, books, chapters and reviews. His writing has been translated into many languages. Money has also received around 65 world-wide honors, awards and degrees. ==Biography== Born in Morrinsville, New Zealand to a family of British and Welsh descent,〔http://www.sexualhealth.umn.edu/education/john-money/bio〕 Money initially studied psychology at Victoria University of Wellington,〔(10 July 2006) (Kiwi sexologist dies in US hospital ), ''New Zealand Herald''〕 graduating with a double master's degree in psychology and education in 1944.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/John+Money,+Ph.D.-a0168586760 )〕 Money was a junior member of the psychology faculty at the University of Otago in Dunedin, but in 1947, at the age of 26, he emigrated to the United States to study at the Psychiatric Institute of the University of Pittsburgh. He left Pittsburgh and earned his PhD from Harvard University in 1952. He was married briefly in the 1950s but had no children. Money proposed and developed several theories and related terminology, including gender identity, gender role,〔Diamond, Milton. (2004). "Sex, gender, and identity over the years: a changing perspective", ''Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America''. 13: 591–607. PMID 15183375 (Full text )〕 gender-identity/role, and lovemap. He also changed the word "perversions" to "paraphilias", striving towards less judgemental descriptions, and the word "sexual preference" to "sexual orientation", arguing that our attractions are not necessarily matters of free will.〔 Money was a professor of pediatrics and medical psychology at Johns Hopkins University from 1951 until his death. He also established the Johns Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic in 1965 along with Claude Migeon who was the head of plastic surgery at Johns Hopkins. The hospital began performing sexual reassignment surgery in 1966. At Johns Hopkins, Money was also involved with the Sexual Behaviors Unit, which ran studies on sex-reassignment surgery. He received the Magnus Hirschfeld Medal in 2002 from the German Society for Social-Scientific Sexuality Research. Money was an early supporter of New Zealand's arts, both literary and visual. He was a noted friend and supporter of author Janet Frame. In 2002, as his Parkinson's disease worsened, Money donated a substantial portion of his art collection to the Eastern Southland Art Gallery in Gore, New Zealand.〔Brewington, Kelly (9 July 2006). (Dr. John Money 1921–2006: Hopkins pioneer in gender identity ). ''Baltimore Sun''〕 In 2003, the New Zealand Prime Minister, Helen Clark, opened the John Money wing at the Eastern Southland Gallery.〔http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA0312/S00341.htm〕 Money died 7 July 2006, in Towson, Maryland, of complications from Parkinson's disease. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Money」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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